ICTY Team Work on Justice Curriculum

IWPR joins initiative to give journalism students worldwide a deeper knowledge of international criminal law and justice.

IWPR has become part of a global network of universities and NGOs developing a curriculum for students of journalism on coverage of international criminal justice. 

With support from the Open Society Foundation, IWPR has partnered the Salzburg Global Seminar, the International Centre for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland in this new initiative.

The IWPR handbook was praised by many participants at the Salzburg workshop as an exceptionally effective and useful tool for reporters who don’t have much experience with this subject. It was also used as a starting point for developing the global curriculum on international criminal justice.

It aims to give journalism students worldwide a deeper understanding of international criminal law and justice and to teach those students the skills to identify key stories and appropriate sources.

International jurists, university partners, NGO workers and journalists from across the globe convened in Austria in February  to identify the core topics, cases, issues, and documents – national, regional, international – that journalism students need to be taught. 

With attention to both global concerns and regional needs, the workshop participants were expected to draft the outlines of a curricular platform on “International Law and Justice for Journalists” that can be adapted to a wide range of university journalism departments and law schools.

During the three-day workshop in Salzburg, participants considered the needs of journalism programmes in universities in countries that have wrestled with covering stories about justice and rights: South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, Bosnia and Kosovo.

They also worked to identify those issues, cases and documents relating to international justice, law and human rights, especially with regard to the roles played by the International Criminal Court, ICC, and other similar tribunals.

One of the important tools used at the workshop was IWPR’s handbook Reporting Justice, published in 2006 with the aim of preparing journalists to cover war crimes trials in international and local courts. This handbook covers many issues a journalist new to war crimes reporting needs to know - from basic facts on international and ad-hoc tribunals, to war crimes proceedings, contempt of court, alternative justice mechanisms and international humanitarian law.

The IWPR handbook was praised by many participants at the Salzburg workshop as an exceptionally effective and useful tool for reporters who don’t have much experience with this subject. It was also used as a starting point for developing the global curriculum on international criminal justice.

After a draft of the curriculum was developed, participants pledged to offer it to the faculties of journalism in their respective countries, so that the new course could be taught worldwide. IWPR has already started preliminary talks with the Department of Journalism in the Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo and the faculty staff expressed a great interest in the subject.

They even proposed developing a fully-fledged, post-graduate programme on international criminal justice for journalists, which would be certified by partner universities in the United States.

IWPR is currently developing a concept for that programme and will be actively involved in its implementation.

Elsewhere, Legal experts said an IWPR special report on the decision by former Serb leader Radovan Karadzic to boycott his own trial will improve practitioners’ grasp of the issues involved in self-representation.

On March 1, Karadzic delivered the opening statements in his long anticipated trial, four months after boycotting – and effectively halting – the proceedings against him.

Karadzic is accused of orchestrating some of the worst atrocities of the Bosnian war, including the 1995 Srebrenica massacre and the 44-month siege of Sarajevo.

The judges eventually appointed a standby counsel, and Karadzic continues to represent himself at the trial, the most high-profile the tribunal has seen in years.

The special report Could Karadzic Trial Boycott Have Been Prevented?, by IWPR Hague tribunal Rachel Irwin, investigated the issues that arose in the months leading to up to the start of the case in October 2009 and whether the boycott could have been foreseen or prevented.

Legal experts said that the piece contributed to a better understanding of an important and evolving area of the law.

“It certainly highlights one of the main issues of tribunals.
The article is really important [as a contribution] to the debate [on self-representation] and to get the widest possible audience to understand this issue, showing its complexity through the prism of one case.”
Paul Troop, lawyer at Tooks Chambers in London

Alex Whiting, a law professor at Harvard University and a former prosecutor at the tribunal, who was interviewed for the special report, said he had gained “a better and more detailed appreciation” of the issue of self-representation in the Karadzic case after reading the article.

He said that the piece could be useful for practitioners, members of the public and academics studying the Karadzic case.

“This question of self-representation is complicated and sensitive and [Irwin’s] detailed analysis really advanced the ball on this issue and explained it well,” he said. “One thing I learned [from the article] – and maybe judges and practitioners might also learn – was that it is perhaps better to take steps to have a standby counsel appointed as soon as warning signs appear.

“In this field, in particular, we are learning with each case and I would say that the principal impact this article will have is to help practitioners identify the warning signs.”

The special report also looked at other cases, such as that of former Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic and the ongoing trial of Serbian nationalist Vojislav Seselj. Judges have repeatedly and unsuccessfully tried to assign Seselj counsel.

Nick Kaufman, a former prosecutor at the tribunal, said that the article provided a record and a context which could be of particular use in future cases.

“As a practitioner, knowing how these issues are dealt with at other tribunals is very important,” he said.  “Speaking as a lawyer, the issue is not whether the boycott could have been prevented but how the judges dealt with the issues, and these legal points were very well presented.”

Paul Troop, a lawyer at Tooks Chambers in London who has represented defendants at the tribunal, and was interviewed for the piece, said the article would be useful for both practitioners and for informed members of the general public who are interested in the case.

“It certainly highlights one of the main issues of tribunals,” he said. “The article is really important [as a contribution] to the debate [on self-representation] and to get the widest possible audience to understand this issue, showing its complexity through the prism of one case.” 

The special report was also welcomed elsewhere. In Serbia, Zdravko Ilic, expert advisor at the country’s European Union Integration Office, said the piece had “helped me get a better picture of the inner workings of the Hague tribunal.

“The article is very informative and it highlights some important issues related to self-defence from several different angles, which I found very useful. One rarely thinks about all the problems, including huge delays, that can arise when the defendant is given the right to represent himself in court.       

“There is very little information in the Serbian media about the quality of the trials taking place at the Hague tribunal, so it was very interesting to read an article which looks into this court's policy regarding self-representation; what it can or cannot do to prevent the delays of the proceedings; the relationship between the judges and the defendant on the one hand, and the prosecution on the other.”